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History of Peru
For most travelers, the first thing that comes to mind when thinking of the history of Peru is the Inca Civilization, however numerous pre-Columbian cultures preceded the Inca by many centuries. During the period between 100 ad to 700 ad, sometimes referred to as the Classic Period, two distinctive cultures were known for their pottery, metalwork and weaving. The Moche from the Trujillo area were one of these distinct cultures, along with the Nazca culture from the south.
From 700 ad to 1100 ad the strongly militaristic Wari culture was the main influence. By about 1000 ad the Wari began to splinter into smaller regional kingdoms including the Chimu, whose capital was the huge adobe city of Chan Chan. Contemporary with the Chimu were the Chachapoyas, who built the massive fortressed city of Kuelap in the tropical Andes.
The Inca Empire, for all its greatness existed for roughly a century. Around 1430, the Inca ruled only the valley of Cuzco, but this period marked the rapid military expansion that ultimately stretched the Inca Empire along the Andes from southern Columbia to northern Chile. Around 1530 the Spanish Invasion began, and in 1532 Francisco Pizarro reached Cajamarca, captured and killed the Inca Emperor Atahualpa, that effectively brought an end to the Inca Empire.
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